Economy April 22, 2026 06:00 AM

Thailand has room to borrow 500 billion baht through October without lifting debt ceiling, finance minister says

Ekniti Nitithanprapas cites market capacity and liquidity; government holds to 2027 budget plan and keeps VAT at 7%

By Marcus Reed
Thailand has room to borrow 500 billion baht through October without lifting debt ceiling, finance minister says

Thailand's finance minister said the government can issue up to 500 billion baht ($15.55 billion) in borrowings by October without breaching the 70% public debt-to-GDP ceiling. The minister flagged sufficient capital and bond market capacity and said not borrowing could risk a GDP contraction. The government will retain its approved 2027 fiscal plan, keep the value-added tax at 7% for another year, and use official projections for inflation and growth in preparing the next budget.

Key Points

  • The government can borrow up to 500 billion baht by October without breaching the 70% debt-to-GDP ceiling - impacts government bond markets and fiscal policy.
  • Thailand's debt-to-GDP ratio is about 66%, leaving roughly four percentage points (around 800 billion baht) of headroom under the ceiling - relevant for sovereign borrowing capacity and fiscal space.
  • The government will stick to the approved 2027 fiscal budget, holding spending at 3.788 trillion baht and keeping the value-added tax at 7% - affecting public finances and consumption-related sectors.

BANGKOK - Thailand's government has capacity to borrow as much as 500 billion baht by October without needing to raise the statutory public debt ceiling, Finance Minister Ekniti Nitithanprapas said on Wednesday.

Speaking to reporters, Ekniti pointed to the strength of the country's capital and bond markets and available excess liquidity as adequate supports for government issuance. He framed the borrowing option as a necessary policy tool, saying: "If we do not borrow, it would be more dangerous for the economy because GDP would contract."

The planned borrowing has been under review. Ekniti had said on Monday the government was evaluating whether it still needed to issue the planned 500-billion-baht emergency borrowing decree.

On the country's fiscal metrics, Ekniti said Thailand's public debt-to-GDP ratio stands at about 66%, which leaves roughly four percentage points of room under the current 70% ceiling. He quantified that fiscal space as amounting to around 800 billion baht.

Inflation and growth projections used in preparing the 2027 fiscal budget were also outlined. Headline inflation is expected at 2.9% this year and 2.5% in 2027, while GDP growth is forecast at 1.4% in 2026 and 2.2% in 2027. The 2027 fiscal year begins in October, Ekniti said.

On Wednesday the government agreed to adhere to its previously approved 2027 fiscal budget plan. That plan projects a 0.2% increase in spending to 3.788 trillion baht ($118 billion) and anticipates an 8.4% reduction in the deficit to 788 billion baht, relative to the current fiscal year.

The current value-added tax rate of 7% will be retained for another year, Ekniti added.

Credit ratings agency Moody's revised Thailand's outlook to "stable" from "negative" on Tuesday, citing reduced downside risks after U.S. tariffs on Thai exports were lowered to levels in line with regional peers.

Exchange rate used in the official figures: $1 = 32.1500 baht.


Implications in brief

The minister's comments signal that Bangkok believes domestic market depth and liquidity can absorb near-term supply without immediate pressure on the debt ceiling, while the government maintains its fiscal stance for 2027 and keeps the existing VAT rate in place.

Risks

  • If the government does not proceed with borrowing, the finance minister warned GDP could contract - a risk to overall economic growth and sectors reliant on domestic demand.
  • The government was still reviewing the need to issue the planned 500-billion-baht emergency borrowing decree - uncertainty for bond market issuance timing and liquidity planning.
  • Public debt is near the 70% ceiling, leaving limited additional room; this constrains fiscal manoeuvre and could affect investor perceptions if conditions change.

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