Economy April 20, 2026 09:38 PM

Dollar Pares Gains as Markets Await Iran Ceasefire Outcome; Yen Faces Pressure on BOJ Pause

Investors favour risk-sensitive currencies ahead of potential U.S.-Iran deal and monitor central bank signals after sticky New Zealand inflation

By Leila Farooq
Dollar Pares Gains as Markets Await Iran Ceasefire Outcome; Yen Faces Pressure on BOJ Pause

The dollar and yen softened as investors rotated toward higher-risk currencies amid hopes a U.S.-Iran agreement could reopen Gulf shipping lanes. A persistent inflation print in New Zealand lifted the kiwi, while traders watched for central bank cues including a likely Bank of Japan pause and a U.S. Fed nominee’s testimony. Market participants remain cautious with the ceasefire approaching expiration and data due in the United States.

Key Points

  • Diplomatic talks between the U.S. and Iran are the immediate focus for markets, with investors hoping a deal would reopen Gulf shipping and support riskier currencies.
  • The yen is under pressure near 158.955 per dollar, close to the 160 level seen as pivotal for intervention, while the Bank of Japan is likely to delay a rate rise according to five sources familiar with its thinking.
  • New Zealand's annual inflation remained at 3.1% in Q1, lifting the kiwi and increasing the likelihood of additional rate hikes in New Zealand this year; U.S. retail sales data and a Fed nominee's testimony are also key near-term market events.

Major currencies moved cautiously on Tuesday as traders positioned for possible risk-on flows tied to diplomatic talks between the United States and Iran and digested lingering signs of inflation in New Zealand. Market attention is focused on whether negotiators can secure terms that would ease tensions and allow Gulf shipping to return to normal routines.

With a ceasefire scheduled to expire this week, the direction of the Iran peace talks remained unclear. Tehran had not yet made a decision about how to proceed with the diplomatic process after a recent escalation in tensions. Nevertheless, investors broadly expected both sides to have incentives to reach an agreement. President Donald Trump said negotiations are happening "relatively quickly" and will yield better terms than previous agreements.


Currency moves

The euro was trading at $1.1782 and sterling at $1.35225, each down about 0.1% on the day. The Australian dollar, a currency sensitive to risk appetite, slipped 0.1% to $0.7171 in early dealing. The dollar index, which benchmarks the greenback against a basket of currencies including the yen and the euro, was steady at 98.087 after falling 0.2% on Monday.

Market strategists said the outcome of the U.S.-Iran discussions would likely be the dominant influence on currency markets over the next 24 hours. "I think the talks between those two parties will be the key driver in the next 24 hours," said Carol Kong, currency strategist at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. "Markets are just in a wait-and-see mode." She added that while President Trump appeared eager to reach a deal and end the conflict quickly, the result depended squarely on the negotiations. "We still see two-sided risks to the U.S. dollar."


Yen and central bank developments

The yen was quoted at 158.955 per dollar, remaining close to the 160 level that traders regard as a critical threshold for potential intervention. Sources familiar with Bank of Japan thinking said the BOJ was likely to hold off on raising interest rates next week, citing uncertainty for Japan's economic and price outlook amid fading chances of a near-term end to the Middle East war. The report referenced five sources familiar with the BOJ's thinking.


New Zealand inflation and rate expectations

The New Zealand dollar traded at $0.59085, up 0.3%. New Zealand's annual inflation rate was unchanged at 3.1% in the first quarter, a level above the Reserve Bank's target range. That persistent inflation reading raised the probability that policymakers will consider further rate hikes later this year.


U.S. policy and data in focus

In Washington, Kevin Warsh, President Trump's nominee to lead the Federal Reserve, was set to tell lawmakers at his Senate confirmation hearing that he is "committed to ensuring that the conduct of monetary policy remains strictly independent." Investors were also awaiting U.S. retail sales data for March, with analysts forecasting a substantial 1.4% increase, a figure that could influence dollar sentiment and market expectations for U.S. demand.


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Overall, markets entered a tentative phase as traders awaited the outcome of ceasefire negotiations and several central bank and economic developments. With geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty both in play, participants remained cautious ahead of key announcements and data releases.

Risks

  • Uncertainty around the ceasefire expiration this week - impacts energy and shipping-related sectors and can shift risk sentiment in foreign exchange and equities.
  • The yen hovering near the 160 threshold and a probable BOJ pause - heightens intervention risk and affects Japanese financial markets and cross-border capital flows.
  • Persistent inflation in New Zealand raising the chance of further hikes - may affect bond markets and currencies sensitive to rate differentials.

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