Zions Bancorporation Q4 2025 Earnings Call - Strong Earnings Growth and Strategic Focus on Deposit and Loan Growth

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Greetings. Welcome to Zions Bancorp Fourth Quarter Earnings Conference Call. At this time all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Please note this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to Shannon Drage, Senior Director of Investor Relations. Thank you and you may begin.

Shannon Drage, Senior Director of Investor Relations, Zions Bancorporation: Thank you, Vaughn, and good evening, everyone. Welcome to our conference call to discuss the fourth quarter and full year earnings for 2025. My name is Shannon Drage, Senior Director of Investor Relations. I would like to remind you that during this call we will be making forward-looking statements. Please note that actual results may differ materially, and we encourage you to review the disclaimer in the press release or Slide 2 of the presentation dealing with forward-looking information and the presentation of non-GAAP measures, which applies equally to statements made during this call. A copy of the earnings release as well as the presentation are available at ZionsBancorporation.com. For our agenda today, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Harris Simmons will provide opening remarks. Following Harris’s comments, Ryan Richards, our Chief Financial Officer, will review our financial results.

Also with us today are Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Derek Stewart, Chief Credit Officer and Chris Kyriakakis, Chief Risk Officer. After our prepared remarks, we will hold a question and answer session and the call is scheduled for one hour. I’ll now turn the time over to Harris Simmons.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Thanks very much Shannon and good evening to all of you. You’ve seen on slide 3. Our fourth quarter results reflected continued progress and steady improvement across a variety of key financial metrics. Earnings of $262 million were up meaningfully 19% from the prior quarter and 31% from a year ago, driven by stronger revenues and notably lower provision for credit losses. Our net interest margin expanded for the eighth consecutive quarter to 3.31%, benefiting from an improved funding mix. As customer deposit initiatives reduced our reliance on short term borrowings, customer deposits grew at a healthy pace, up 9%. Annualized average loans were essentially flat compared with last quarter, reflecting the payoffs we saw at the end of last quarter though period end balances increased by $615 million on solid production. Credit quality was strong with net charge offs of just five basis points annualized of total loans.

This quarter’s results also included a $15 million donation to our charitable foundation to be spent down over the next three years to make charitable donations that we expect would otherwise have been non-deductible for tax purposes as a result of the recent tax law changes. Turning to Slide 4, full-year results were similarly improved relative to the prior year. Earnings grew 21% and net interest margin expanded by 21 basis points. Adjusted PPNR increased 12% and when excluding the charitable contribution, we achieved over 300 basis points of positive operating leverage. After several years of industry-wide disruption from the 2020 pandemic to the 2023 regional bank crisis and stress in the commercial real estate sector, we’re pleased with the resilience of our performance, particularly the stability and credit outcomes throughout that period.

Tangible book value per share increased 21% this year, the third straight year of growth greater than 20%, and we believe that we’re nearing the point where we’ll be able to increase capital distributions while continuing to further strengthen capital. On slide 5, diluted earnings per share was $1.76, up from $1.48 last quarter and $1.34 a year ago. This quarter’s figure includes a $0.08 per share headwind from the charitable contribution, offset by a positive $0.11 per share combined impact from the reward for the FDIC Special Assessment and net gains in our SBIC portfolio. As shown on slide 6, adjusted PPNR of $331 million was down 6% sequentially and up 6% year over year. When further adjusted for the aforementioned charitable contribution, it was down 2% versus last quarter and up 11% versus the year ago quarter.

With that high level overview, I’m going to turn the time over to our Chief Financial Officer Ryan Richards for additional details related to our performance.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Ryan, thank you. Harris, and good evening, all.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Beginning on slide seven you will see.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: The five-quarter trend for net interest income and net interest margin. Net interest income increased by $56 million or 9% relative to the fourth quarter of 2024 and increased by $11 million relative to the prior quarter for the second consecutive quarter. Growth in average customer deposits in excess of loan growth aided our ability to improve funding mix and reduce overall funding costs. As a result, net interest margin expanded for the eighth consecutive quarter to 3.31%. Our outlook for net interest income for the full year of 2026 is moderately increasing relative to the full year of 2025, supported by a favorable earning asset and interest bearing liability remix. In addition to growth in loans and.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Deposits. Our guidance assumes two 25 basis points.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Rate cuts to the Fed Funds rate occurring in June and September of this year. Slide 8 presents additional details on changes in the net interest margin. The linked quarter waterfall chart on the left outlines changes in both rate and volume for key components of the NIM, the net interest margin expanded by three basis points sequentially as improved funding mix and lower borrowing costs offset reductions in asset yields against the year ago quarter. The right hand chart on this slide presents the 26 basis points improvement in the net interest margin which benefited from the improved cost of deposits moving to noninterest income and revenue. On slide nine, presented on the left in the darker blue bars, customer-related noninterest income was $177 million for the quarter versus $163 million in the prior period and $176 million one year ago.

You will recall that last quarter’s customer-related noninterest income results included an $11 million impact from the net CVA loss, primarily driven by an update in our valuation methodology. Adjusted customer-related noninterest income, which excludes net CVA, was $175 million for the quarter, representing a new record quarter for the company. This increased $1 million versus the prior quarter and $2 million versus the year ago quarter. The chart on the right side of this page presents both total revenue and adjusted revenue for the most recent five quarters, which were impacted by the factors previously noted for net interest income and customer-related fee income.

While not presented on this page, it is notable that on a full year basis, capital markets fees excluding net CVA increased 25% compared to the full year 2024 driven by higher customer swaps, investment banking and loan syndication fee revenues. As was mentioned in prior earnings call, we set an aspirational goal to double capital markets fees when Zions Capital Markets was formally launched in 2020, consolidating existing product offerings under new executive leadership with a mandate to invest in additional capabilities. We have accomplished that goal and see continued opportunity for outsize growth this business. Our outlook for customer related fee income for the full year 2026 is moderately increasing relative to the full year 2025. We currently expect that we will be at the top end of that guide.

Growth will continue to be led by capital markets followed by loan-related fees with broad-based growth in the remaining categories from increased activity. Slide 10 presents adjusted noninterest expense in the lighter blue bars. Adjusted expenses of $548 million increased by $28 million or 5% versus the prior quarter and increased 8% versus the year-ago quarter. As presented here, adjusted noninterest expense includes the aforementioned $15 million charitable donation. When further adjusting for the donation, expenses were up 2% versus the prior quarter and up 5% versus the year-ago quarter. Expense increases for the quarter include increased marketing and business development expenses, higher costs associated with application software licensing and maintenance costs, and normalization of legal fees. After an approximate $2 million reimbursement of attorney fees last quarter, we expect to continue to manage expenses prudently while investing in revenue generation to support growth.

Our outlook for adjusted noninterest expense for the full year 2026 is moderately increasing relative to the full year of 2025. The expense outlook considers increased marketing related costs, continued investments in revenue generating people and business lines, and increases in contractual technology costs. We continue to expect positive operating leverage in 2026 that we currently estimate around 100 to 150 basis points. Slide 11 presents the five quarter trend in average loans and deposits. Average loans were flat over the previous quarter and 2.5% over the year ago. Period ending loans increased by $615 million sequentially with strong commercial growth in our Texas, California and Pacific Northwest markets. Loan yields decreased 15 basis points sequentially.

Our outlook for period-end loan balances for the full year of 2026 is moderately increasing relative to the full year of 2025 and assumes growth will be led by commercial loans, primarily in the C&I and owner occupied subcategories with additional growth from commercial real estate books. Average deposit balances are presented on the right side of the slide. Relative to the prior quarter, total average deposits increased 2.3%. Average non-interest-bearing deposits grew $1.7 billion or 6% compared to the prior quarter. This was partially as a result of the approximate $1 billion migration into a new customer interest-bearing product.

Excuse me, migration of a consumer interest-bearing product into a new non-interest-bearing product at the end of the last quarter, which is now being fully reflected in average balances but also represents the success our bankers have had this quarter in executing on deposit-gathering initiatives. The cost of total deposits declines by 11 basis points sequentially to 1.56%, aided somewhat by the lag effect from time deposit repricing from benchmark rate cuts in the latter part of 2025. Further opportunity to reduce deposit costs will depend upon the timing and speed of short-term benchmark rate changes, growth in customer deposits, and market competition and market depositor behavior. Slide 12 provides additional details on funding sources and total funding costs.

Presented on the left are period-end deposit balances which grew by $766 million versus the prior quarter, enabling us to reduce higher-cost short-term borrowings which declined by $653 million or 17% during the quarter. As seen on the chart on the right, our total funding cost declined by 16 basis points during the quarter to 1.76%. The trending in our securities and money market investment portfolios over the last five quarters is presented on slide 13. Maturities, principal amortizations, and prepayment-related cash flows from our securities portfolio were $554 million during the quarter or $288 million when considered net of reinvestment. The pay down and reinvestment of lower yielding securities continues to contribute to the favorable remix of our earning assets. The duration of our investment securities portfolio, which is a measure of price sensitivity to changes in interest rates, is estimated at 3.8 years.

Credit quality is presented on Slide 14. Realized net charge-offs in the portfolio were $11 million, excuse me, were $7 million this quarter or 5 basis points. Annualized non-performing assets remain relatively low at 52 basis points of loans and other real estate compared to 54 basis points in the prior quarter. Classified loan balances declined sequentially by $35 million driven by a $132 million reduction in CRE offset in part by a $92 million increase in C&I classified levels. We expect the CRE classified balances will continue to decline going forward through payoffs and upgrades. During the fourth quarter we reported a $6 million provision for credit losses which when combined with our net charge-offs reduced the allowance for credit losses by $1 million relative to the prior quarter.

The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans declined one basis point to 1% and the loan loss allowance coverage with respect to non-accrual loans decreased to 215%. Slide 15 provides an overview of the $13.4 billion CRE portfolio which represents 22% of loan balances. Notably, this portfolio continues to maintain low levels of non-accrual loans and delinquencies. The portfolio is granular and well diversified by property type and location, with its growth carefully managed for over a decade through disciplined concentration limits as it continues to be originated. We have included additional details on certain CRE portfolios in the appendix of this presentation. Our loss-absorbing capital position is shown on slide 16. The Common Equity Tier 1 ratio for the quarter was 11.5%.

This when combined with the allowance for credit losses compares well to our risk profile as reflected in performance for loan losses. We expect our common equity, both from a regulatory and GAAP perspective, to continue increasing organically through earnings and the AOCI improvement will continue through unrealized loss accretion in the securities portfolio as individual securities pay down and mature. Importantly, our organic earnings growth when coupled with AOCI unrealized loss accretion has enabled us to grow tangible book value per share by 21% versus the prior year and, as Harris noted earlier, is our third year of tangible book value growth in excess of 20%. We believe that we are nearing a position to increase capital distributions while continuing to invest in our franchise to support profitable growth.

Slide 17 summarizes the financial outlook provided over the course of our prepared remarks for the full year of 2026 as compared to the full year of 2025. Our outlook represents our best estimate of financial performance based upon current information.

Shannon Drage, Senior Director of Investor Relations, Zions Bancorporation: This concludes our prepared remarks as we move to the question and answer section of the call. We request that you limit your questions to one primary and one follow up question to enable other participants to ask questions. Bond, can you please open the line for questions?

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Thank you. We will now be conducting a question and answer session. As stated, the format will be for one question and one follow up. If you would like to ask a question, please press Star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press Star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For any participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing your star keys. Our first question comes from Manon Gosalia with Morgan Stanley. You may proceed with your question.

Manon Gosalia, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Hi, good afternoon all. I just wanted to start with a quick clarification question just on the guide for expenses. What is the base for the moderately increasing guide? I know you have at the back of the earnings release an adjusted non-interest expense number of $2.1 billion to $1.22 billion. Does that? Is that the right base or should we also be stripping out the charitable contribution for this quarter?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, I would ask you to think about the base stripping out the charitable contribution for this quarter and then rolling forward into next year thinking about really that activity relates to, as Harris mentioned, three years forward, look about things that might otherwise be tax deductible with the spend outlay at that time. So that’s probably where I would anchor you.

Manon Gosalia, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Got it. So basically take that 2122 number and then strip out the charitable contribution from that and then do moderately increasing off of that. Okay?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, that’s certainly how I think about our core result.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yes.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Got it.

Manon Gosalia, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: All right, perfect. And then just a broader question on expenses. You guys operate in a pretty attractive footprint and we’ve seen a lot of larger banks come out and highlight growth in branches and new markets, including some of yours. Are you seeing any increased competition in your markets? And if you are, is that the driver behind some of the increased marketing and tech spend that you called out in the deck.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: I think we have, for as long as I can remember, we faced new competition, particularly during good times. These times are reasonably good. Sometimes they go away when times turn tough, but that is not per se what is driving our focus on increased marketing spend. It’s a revamp of some of our products. And it’s a belief that after spending the better part of a decade doing a lot of internal kind of re-engineering and fixing a lot of plumbing, that we’re really in a position to be able to grow at a better clip than we had been the last decade.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: So.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: We, you know, we want to do it prudently and carefully. We care a lot about the credit culture in the company, et cetera, but we’re determined to actually spend more on growth initiatives. And so that’s what you’ve seen this past year. You’ll continue to see that in the coming year. It’s not because of any particular new entrant or anything like that, although they’re certainly there. We’re in markets that are pretty attractive, and so that’s wonderful.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: But.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: The dark underside of that is it’s attractive to folks who aren’t here yet. So that’s always part of the story.

Manon Gosalia, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: That’s very helpful. Thank you.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from Dave Rochester with Cantor Fitzgerald. You may proceed with your question.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Hey, good afternoon, guys. Just want to start on the NII outlook for 2026. Appreciate all the color on the rate cuts.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Was just wondering what you’re assuming for?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: The funding of loan growth.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: If you’re assuming that securities runoff continues and you fill in the rest with deposit growth and then the magnitude of any kind of funding remix out of broker deposits or out of wholesale funding that you’re assuming within that guide? Any color on any of that would be great.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Thanks.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, thanks, Dave. And I can give you some broad strokes. We don’t typically deconstruct the positive growth or have any specific guidance about that moving forward to a year. But to your earlier point, certainly we see the potential for a remix on both sides of the balance sheet contributing to the NII outcome. We believe we still have some room to run with the investment securities portfolio before we really feel pinched on the sort of how we think about liquidity stress testing and liquidity ratios. That said, I don’t know that we’ll continue to see it maybe as forceful as it has been in the past. We’re probably getting closer to a taper point. But there is room for additional remixing out of securities into loans and or paying down broker deposit sources, wholesale funding.

We’re spending a lot of time building back from Harris’s comments, thinking about growth and what growth looks like for 2026. And we certainly have some aspirations and some plans, more than aspirations to build out our deposit base, focusing on granular deposit growth and putting marketing dollars behind initiatives that would help us drive that. With the intent of course of continuing to pay down those broker deposits where we’ve had good success year over year, but also other short-term borrowings and the like. That is certainly where we’re headed, intend to be headed as an organization.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Great.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Sounds good. And then I know you guys have talked about this in the last call, talked about a 350 margin. We’re only 19 basis points away from that now we’re in 26. Is this something you think that we can hit by the end of 2027?

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: You know, I’m not going to hazard a, you know, put a time frame on it. I think it has so much to do with what happens with rates and you know, we’re going to have a new Fed chair, we’re going to have more going on there that I, you know, I want to hazard a guess about.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: But.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: As I said previously, my comment about it’s really intended to suggest that I think over time that that’s probably getting pretty close to what a stable state could look like for us. We’ve made a lot of progress, we’ve got a ways to go. I continue to believe that over a longer period of time that the risk is higher rates and so we’ve reduced our asset sensitivities somewhat. We’re closer to neutral right now, but I think very mindful of the possibility of higher rates and want to be careful that we can deal with that. But in a prolonged period where you have kind of moderate short term rates, some slope to the curve, I think that’s where we can get to. But you know, whether that happens in the next seven or eight quarters, harder to say. All right, great.

Thanks guys. Appreciate it. Thanks.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from John Pancari with Evercore ISI. You may proceed with your question.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Good afternoon. On the loan growth front, I appreciate the moderately increasing guide, you know, underneath that.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Could you help unpack it a little?

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: But in terms of what type of dynamics you’re seeing on the loan growth front? Are you seeing demand strengthen, you know, are you seeing some pull through in terms of line utilization? And are any of these growth initiatives that you just discussed, Harris, in response to the question, is that banker hiring in certain areas that can drive some of this growth? Thanks. Yeah, I mean, we’ve hired some really good bankers, particularly in the California market. But elsewhere as well, we are very focused on small business lending. That’s really central to our thinking about growth is banking smaller businesses. They bring great deposits. We think that our history and our organizational structure and our people are really geared toward that kind of business in a big way.

We’ve seen this past year a near doubling of the number of SBA 7 loans that we made, about a 53% increase in dollars produced. I expect that we’ll continue to see very strong growth in that category. I mean, we’re putting training dollars and marketing dollars and a lot of focus into that. It’s not just the SBA program, but just banking smaller businesses generally, and so if there’s a particular sweet spot, for me, it’s kind of watching what happens there. A dollar of growth there is better than typically a couple of dollars of growth in a lot of other places, and so it’s not always just the percentages. It’s kind of the quality. I mean, we’re really trying to build a balance sheet that is more productive and it’s growing and is serving more customers at the same time, so that’s.

Anyway, that’s in a nutshell how I think about it.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Hey, John, this is Scott. I would just add to that, that similar to what I said last quarter, you know, the growth is really going to come in C&I and Owner Occupied. We do think we’re going to see some growth in CRE. You know, our goal for as long as you’ve been covering us has been that we want to grow CRE a little less than we’re growing the overall portfolio, and we’ve fallen a little short on that recently, but I think you’ll see some CRE growth where we haven’t seen much in the past. I think our municipal business and our energy business are two businesses.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: That have.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Some nice upside potential and they’ve been a little flat, and so clearly, you know, the real estate, the sentiment about CRE and tariffs and economy, you know, has caused the whole industry to see sort of sobering loan growth numbers, but I think we’re well positioned as business sentiment improves for the reasons Harris said.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: But also our.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: This is going to sound kind of.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Squishy, but it’s true. Our call programs are more energized than ever before, and this advertising spend and marketing spend that Harris referenced. It’s not just incrementally, it’s not just sort of a sequential thing. I mean, it’s a significant change and it’s very targeted to small and medium sized businesses. Granular deposits, this SBA initiative that Harris mentioned.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: So I, I’d add one other thing and that is, you know, if you look across the industry, a lot of the commercial loan growth has come out of increased exposure to NDFI. The NDFI sector. And notwithstanding having stepped on a landmine in the fourth quarter, we have not been growing that portfolio and don’t really intend to in any kind of meaningful way, any deliberate way. And so, you know, in a relative sense, that’s actually kind of a headwind comparatively to peers. My hope is that we can actually make up for that again in some of these areas. We’ve been talking about small business. We will have some CRE growth and we’ll probably see a little bit of municipal growth, but a lot of it will be commercial.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Just underscoring what both Harris and Scott have said. And, Bridget, back to Dave’s earlier question. It’s not just the trade off between securities loans or broker deposits or wholesale borrowing. It’s the mix within the loan portfolio that both Harris and Scott discussed that will be beneficial for NII as we’re seeing it. The other part that I didn’t pick up in my earlier response was we talk about it, the terminated swap effect. Speaking of headwinds, that’s been a headwind for us. That’s been diminishing thankfully over time. That we, as we chart the year of 2026, we see about $29 million worth of headwind associated with that. About half of what it was in 2025 as being another contributor towards a better NII outcome for 2026.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Got it. All right, well, thanks for all that color. And then separately on capital, just want to get your updated thoughts on the potential timing of a return of share buybacks. I believe you had indicated you’re kind of nearing the point where you could consider capital return an increase in it. I think your CET1 ratio, which you’ve been watching a little more closely, you know, increased about 40 basis points this quarter and then your CET1 up 60 basis points. And so both TCE and CET1 heading in the right direction. So curious what your updated thoughts are there. I think it’s probably this year, but not, you know, probably not this next quarter. In the second half. I think you’ll see, I would expect we’re going to be in a position to start to accelerate capital returns.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Okay, thank you.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: But I’m not going to give you a target amount, et cetera. At some point in order of the position to do so, we’ll announce something, but I don’t think it’s a long ways off.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from Chris McGratty with KBW. You may proceed with your question.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Oh, great. Thanks. Just following up on that question on the buyback. I know during the 2023 banking drama, the rating agencies got pretty loud about capital levels. I guess when you do announce or when you are preparing to announce the buyback, how important is that? And again, what is that? A tangible common equity consideration versus the CET one. How are you thinking about all the constituents?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Listen, clearly that’s an important stakeholder for us and we really appreciate the engagement that we get. And certainly I think they’ve appreciated the fact that we’ve been in build back mode here for a good long time. So we’re not suggesting there’s a wholesale change here. I think that it’s more of a recognition that we’re still building back on an AOCI inclusive basis to where we think peers are. It’s just the timing, whether there’s an opportunity to kind of change the pacing of how long it takes to converge. So as Harris pointed out, that’s yet to be determined. All those things are subject to OCC approval and board approval. But we continue to thank you for John’s acknowledgment earlier that there’s been some really good trending on this basis.

We’ve seen that as well and it’s showing up in our statistics and how we’re growing our tangible book value. All really, really positive. And when you look at that headline number, there’s a lot to like on it. We still tend to screen with lower among our peers set when you include AOCI. So we’re not giving up on this kind of tangible book value accretion path that we’re pursuing. It’s just a question of whether or not there’s an opportunity to do something along the way. While you’re driving convergence, I think it’s.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: helpful that a good portion of this tangible common equity build has been facilitated by its locked in place. I mean, it’s highly predictable and that ought to be important to rating agencies. It is to us that it’s something that time takes care of as much as anything. So I, you know, I will feather things in. It’s not going to be a cliff event. But you know, we want to continue to build capital and we’re looking at it, you know, CET1, we think about it and. In a world where AOCI is included in the number, but also from a regulatory perspective, it looks like there’s nothing really imminently on the horizon that would change the current treatment of AOCI in capital. So I think we’ll have some room. Great, thank you. Thanks for all that.

The follow-up would be on the source of deposit growth. You may have touched on it. I apologize.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Ryan.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: About 5% non-interest-bearing growth in 2025.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: I hear you.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: On the initiatives within your guidance for 2026. Did I miss, what are you assuming for NII growth or NIB mix?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, we don’t, we don’t typically guide on deposit side of that, Chris. Certainly we just try to roll it into our NII and now we see that holistically. But suffice to say based upon the things that we’re prioritizing for strategic initiatives, that we certainly would expect to see growth across the non-interest-bearing dimension as well as interest-bearing deposits. Trying to pull those whole.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Relationships, net.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: New relationships into the bank. So that’s where that whole growth orientation you’re hearing from us not just this year, but going into last year, putting some market dollars is real focus behind those campaigns in terms of the refreshing, as Harris alluded to before, of our offerings potential of the bundled products that we think are really relevant for our clients and the like.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Great, thank you very much. Thanks, Ryan.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from Bernard von Gizycki with Deutsche Bank. You may proceed with your question. Hi, good afternoon.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Maybe just following up on non-interest-bearing deposits.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: You know, I’m just curious that, you.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: No, most of the growth there, the $1.1 billion year over year and then you know, the decline, $310 million sequentially. Was there growth from new customer acquisitions?

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Within the Consumer Gold Account?

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Can you just share now that legacy account migration has now ended? How do you expect this to trend from what you’ve been hearing from the branches?

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, there was, yeah, there has been growth. Although it’s, you know, these accounts we’ve opened new, these aren’t just conversions of existing accounts, but new accounts. We’ve opened close to about 4,000 of them since we relaunched this a few months ago. I expect that number to pick up in 2026. We’re seeing average balances of about $10,000 per account. For you know, established accounts. We’re seeing, you know, it’s about triple that. And so in other words, it’s attracting a kind of clientele that we think actually can lead to really substantial balances. The total size of deposit relationship in this whole portfolio of almost 50,000 accounts is, averages about $125,000 per customer. And so we think it’s a really attractive kind of focus group to be focused on.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: And.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, it should help.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: But it.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Also, yeah, I mean non-interest-bearing accounts are also, they’re subject to, you know what happens to interest rates. A big portion of the commercial loans are supporting the provision of services through account analysis, for example. There are a lot of other things going on. They can move these numbers around. But we’re trying to make sure that, you know, as we think about the long term that we’re continuing to build a really solid base of granular accounts that are, you know, that are now, they’re smaller, they’re insured, but they’re not tiny. They’re actually, they’re actually really good business. So that’s what we’re trying to do.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: And I would just add that the number Harris referenced on sort of net new kind of accounts. We’re really just kicking this campaign off. We were piloting it in 2H25, but it’s now rolling out with greatly enhanced marketing across the entire company.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: I appreciate that. Just my follow up, I think you’ve indicated in the past that you expect.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Two to three basis points a quarter.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Fixed rate asset repricing. You mentioned the two rate cuts assumed the 2026.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Just update us here.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Same assumption.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: And if the rate, if the Fed.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Is at a rate cut. Pause.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: How does that estimate change if at all?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, thanks, Bernard. I mean what we’re currently seeing now obviously with the changes we had later last year, we’re not seeing quite that level in terms of the fixed loan repricing impacts on our earning asset yields. Right now we would say it’s at around one basis point as opposed to where we were previously. And then with additional cuts in the future you could imagine that it would erode that value opportunity for us.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Okay, great. Thanks for taking my questions. Our next question comes from Ken Usdin with Autonomous Research. You may proceed with your question.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Hi, good afternoon. Just wondering, I know the question of tailoring has come up on prior calls, but now that there’s been even more discussion from the regulatory front about the potential to either index levels or maybe even raise the bar fully, are you thinking about anything differently? With the asset base still hanging around $90 billion in terms of either future growth investments, you have to make your outlook on acquisitions, et cetera, as we wait, maybe a more formal change than we’ve, you know, seen in a couple years. Thanks, Ken. As we, you know, I think as we’ve said periodically over the last couple of years, even without the announcements from the OCC with respect to their heightened expectations.

Speaker 4: Rule.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Others, I have similar kinds of changes that have been posed or made. We didn’t see the $100 billion threshold as posing any real kind of a threat to us. We noted we were because we were. We’re actually the smallest systemically important financial institution in the wake of the passage of Dodd-Frank back in 2011. I mean we were subject to all the industrial strength stuff, JPMorgan Chase Bank, everybody else was. And so we built the capabilities, the models not only for credit stress testing and stressing the balance sheet, but liquidity, et cetera. All of the work that went in building sort of COSO compliant three lines of defense, risk management infrastructure, et cetera, our intent has been to never dismantle that. We found a lot of value in it.

I mean some of it was taken to extremes, some of it was. I know some of the documentation, et cetera, was painful and overly expensive, etc. But we’ve maintained the capabilities and it I think makes us a stronger company. And so we just don’t think there’s even much of a, any kind of speed bump going across $100 billion. We don’t feel compelled to try. And boy, if you’re going to cross 100, you got to get to $200 billion or anything like that sort of. It’s going to be about the same as crossing $80 billion, which was kind of a non-event. So that’s how we’re thinking about it. It’s not an inhibitor in terms of thinking about deals. It’s not a reason that we would think about deals. We’d only think about deals in the event that they were really, really attractive.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: And.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Right now I don’t know that we’re likely to see anything we need to improve our valuation. Something comes along that is absolutely compelling, we’ll certainly consider it. We’re not going to be taking pledges or painted into a corner or thinking about things in a particular way. I hope we’ll think about it as good long term owners of a business would. But $100 billion threshold isn’t a factor one way or the other in that thinking. Understood. Thanks. And Ryan, one just follow up on the operating leverage point earlier. So is it the right way to think about it? You mentioned the core base and then add back the charitable or take out the charitable contribution. That’s the base in which you’re talking about the 100-150 basis points of operating leverage.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, that’s correct.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Just the range. It’s great to hear you guys focusing to the 100, 150, but what would be the difference on your expense growth? Would it just be like how revenues come out and you have some flex triangulate up and down. Sorry for that extra one.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, I think you always have to recognize that if the Revenue Department changes, you have to rethink the way that you approach your expense side of it. I included that as part of my written remarks and spoken remarks because it wasn’t obvious. Of course, with our forward guidance and the words we choose whether or not there was positive operating leverage in there. We absolutely believe that’s the case as we see it today. That’s where we, you know, if you look at what our results have been for quite a long time, you know, we’ve been pretty consistent in driving customer fee growth on a compound annual growth rate of about 4%. That’s really what we showed up with this past year as well.

And we think we see an opportunity to do a little better on that dimension moving forward, building on some of the momentum we’ve been having in our businesses. And that’s going to be, we think, really helpful in driving some of that leverage. But we’ll pay attention to expenses as we move through the year. Harris has always said we’re going to run this place for the long term. We’re going to invest in growth and do things that maybe in the moment don’t pay for themselves. But we’ve had some pretty nice returns on the investments we’ve been making in recent years. So that’s how we’re thinking about it.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Okay, got it. Thanks. I appreciate you pointing that out.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from David Smith at Truist. You may proceed with your question.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Hi, good afternoon. On credit. Hey. On credit. You highlighted an expectation for CRE classified to continue to decline. You know, there had been an uptick in C&I classified offsetting some of the CRE decline we had this past quarter. Is there anything chunky in that $92 million C&I increase this quarter in terms of like a few big particular names? And just as a follow up, would you also expect general stability in the C&I classified size of the portfolio, or would there be a bias towards an increase or a decrease as you see things today. Thank you.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Sure.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: David, this is Derek. Let me answer the second question first. It’s hard to say exactly where the C&I downgrades may come from or improvement too. It just generally depends on the economy.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: We do see CRE improving throughout the year.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: We have a good line of sight on that. We can just continue to see it taking a little longer for some companies to perform. One thing I will say, because we’re not concerned with losses, I think we’re going to try to retain a lot of the loans. We may be willing to carry some of the criticized and classified real estate loans a little bit longer just because they’re on their way to performance and an upgrade. As far as the C&I downgrades, I wouldn’t say there’s anything chunky in there. It’s pretty broadly distributed across industries and it’s something we’re watching. Again, it depends on where the economy goes. I would point out that while we’ve seen the uptick this quarter in the C&I classifieds, they were actually down since year-end 2024 for C&I classifieds.

So it’s not jumping out as concern at this point, but something that we’re paying attention to. All right, thank you.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from Anthony Elian with J.P. Morgan. You may proceed with your question.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Hi everyone. A follow-up on operating leverage. You gave us the base for expenses backing out the foundation contribution. But just to clarify the base for.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Revenue. Ryan, does the base for fee.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Income exclude the adjusted noncustomer fees? I think that was $44 million you have in the back of the press release. Yeah.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Can you say that one more time? Yeah. I’m just curious if you can give.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: As the base for fee income.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Right. You have some items you back out on slide five and the back of the press release. So if you can give us the base to use for operating leverage, that would be great. I think it’d be the customer. The customer fee income. Yeah.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: It’s hard to predict year to year what we’re going to get on the security gains and losses. So that’s kind of how we think about core expenses.

Manon Gosalia, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Okay.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: What’s labeled as customer-related non-interest income? Yeah. Okay. And then my follow-up. So from this call, it sounds like.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: There’s a lot more emphasis on growth initiatives this year, including hiring, which I fully appreciate.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: But you left the expense outlook unchanged.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: So I’m wondering if there’s directionally a range you point us to for expenses within your guidance of moderately increasing. Thank you. Yeah, I mean, listen, if we reverse the tape about a year ago, we were coming out of a time when we were keeping things, I think, pretty, pretty tight. Slightly increasing would have been more and maybe at times slightly to moderately. We allowed that to start migrating up because of this growth agenda. So I don’t know. That would point you to a specific point. We usually talk about, you know, moderately being like a mid single digits type number. You know, I probably just warn you somewhere to the middle of that, you know, we’ll see what we get.

But I really did that the intent here is to do things that feel strategic to us and it should feel different and look different if we’re successful in seeing our growth goals. The types of numbers that we’re talking about that Scott alluded to before may not be fully evident. We have some real aspirations in driving commercial loan growth and allowing for some increased CRE. There could be some offsets there in the sense that, you know, we’ve talked a little bit in the past about what we’re doing on our one-to-four family resi strategy and having more of an orientation to held for sale. So we think that there’s potential for more of that to show up this year. That without that we could really put, I think, some decent loan numbers up.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: On the expense guide also, I would just say that there’s, and we’ve said this in previous years, but there’s probably about $40 million of savings initiatives in there that keep us at the expense growth rate number that we are, that we’re at. So this isn’t just, you know, it’s just the same as last year plus a little bit more. There’s quite a bit of work on continued efficiency gains and optimization and particularly with AI and some of the things we’re doing with process change and new technologies that can help us lower cost as well as outsourcing.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: We have a lot of levers to.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Pull on.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: That helps keep the expense number down and has for years. There’s nothing new about it.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Thank you.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from Janet Lee with TD Cowen. You may proceed with your question.

Speaker 4: Good afternoon. For clarification on NIM. So if I look at your earning asset yields in the fourth quarter, it looks like lower rates had an impact on your earning asset yields declining about 15 basis points. And you talked about one basis point of fixed rate asset repricing lift. So if I assume two to three rate cuts in 2026, is it fair to say earning asset yields are declining through 2026 and the NIM trajectory is really dependent on the shape of the yield curve and what you can do on the deposit front?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, listen. I think that those are all fair observations in deposit production, and our success there will always have an outsized impact on how we show up on them. Our success year over year has been able to manage down our funding costs more aggressively than what we’re seeing in terms of on the asset side because we’ve had some really nice remix that it’s an offset to some of the things that would otherwise play through on the resetting and benchmark rates. You know, we haven’t gotten it yet, and it’s almost like I can’t imagine we go through a call without saying something about latent emergent type things, but we do include some of those materials in the back.

I think Harris alluded to before we took a little bit of the edge off of some of our asset sensitivity metrics that you would have otherwise seen us maybe earlier through some hedging activities that we put on just trying to guard against maybe some near term rate cuts. What the asset sensitivity would tell you is that we still think that there’s opportunities for things to play through on a latent basis, things that haven’t already found price discovery on fixed assets playing through. We have about 60% of our term deposits that are set to reprice in the first quarter of 2026.

So, but as somebody who, as a group that’s still asset sensitive on the whole, we say we show with the overlay of the forward curve that, again, just using a sensitivity view, that we could stand to have a better one-year quarter-forward outcome even against the backdrop of a forward curve that would apply two more rate cuts. And that, of course, doesn’t take into account our prospects for loan growth on a debt dynamic balance sheet. The mix of our loans, how we would be taking cash flows from our securities portfolio and reinvesting them in other places, including loans and other gainful uses. So there’s lots of contributing factors in there. Hopefully that gives you a little bit of direction about how we feel and how we’re guiding for NII one year hence.

Speaker 4: Thank you, that was very helpful and clearly you’ve made some good strides in improving your capital levels and including AOCI on. That has happened over the past years.

Shannon Drage, Senior Director of Investor Relations, Zions Bancorporation: Could you.

Speaker 4: Clearly you’re more open to doing buybacks over the near to intermediate term. Could you give us a refresh on your MA stance?

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: I think I did a few minutes ago. Our stance is we don’t have a stance per se. We’re not looking for deals. They come along and they make a whole lot of sense. Might be interested. I don’t see us doing anything really large that would surprise me at the moment. So it’s just not part of our day-to-day kind of thinking, frankly, in terms of what we’re really focused on.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: So.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: I’ve been pretty determined, not today, that we’re not, that we’d never do a deal or anything of that sort. That said, we’re not looking to do deals, as I said earlier, to become a particular size or, you know, we do things that we think are really, really attractive financially and fit culturally, et cetera. Has to check some boxes before I’d be particularly interested.

Speaker 4: Okay, thank you.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: We have another question from Manon Gosalia with Morgan Stanley. You may proceed with your question.

Manon Gosalia, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Hey, thanks for taking the follow up. I think you mentioned in the prepared remarks that you could come in at the top end of the guide on customer related fees. Can you just talk about what the drivers are there?

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yeah, man. This is Scott.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: I think we’re inclined to make that comment principally because we’re seeing really good momentum across a wide range of our customer fee product areas, and we see that carrying into the new year, so that combined with this additional advertising and these products just give us really a nice outlook. We think of customer fee income, but it’s instead of capital markets dominating the growth in our fee income; we’re very encouraged by what we’re seeing across almost all of our fee income businesses, and that’s a little bit different story.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: A little bit different guide.

Manon Gosalia, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Relative to what you’ve said before. Got it?

Speaker 4: Yes, thank you.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Yes, Manon, we appreciate you found your way back into the queue.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Our next question comes from Jon Arfstrom with RBC Capital Markets. You may proceed with your question.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Thanks. Couple of follow-ups, Scott, one for you. When you look in the earnings release, the FTEs are down the last couple of quarters and you might have just touched on it a few minutes ago, but can you talk a little bit more about what you’re doing in terms of AI and tech and just the general FTE outlook? Are you seeing real impacts and that’s what’s showing up in the FTE counters?

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: John?

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: No. Thank you for that question, and you know, you’ll remember a high point for us was August, really the third quarter, second quarter of 2019, when we were at about 10,300 colleagues. We’re now down below 9,300, and we think that that number will continue to go down over the next couple of years and it’s over the short term here. Outsourcing, our outsourcing strategy, we’ve been reengaging with that and with three outstanding partners that work with us in other ways as well, and so that will continue to have momentum. We probably, you know, a year ago we were well below where peers are. Most peers would report that they outsource somewhere between 10%-15% of their stated FTE base and we were probably around 3%. So we’re really just leaning into a lever that has always been available to us.

But we’re more encouraged and confident about it. So that’s where you’re going to see some of it. But the use of AI again, we’ve been using AI for a long time for things like fraud detection, client authentication, product recommendations, financial statement spreading, some unstructured document processing, et cetera, and so. But the proliferation of new ideas that can remove touches, human touches from a process, can remove multiple data entry, can streamline what we do. It’s significant and we’re moving kind of from an exploratory phase, which I’d say we’ve been in for the last year and a half, to really highly focus on a small couple of handfuls of projects where we can see the most leverage in simplifying what we’re doing in end-to-end processes. So those would be the kind of automation, AI outsourcing would be pretty meaningful contributors.

Okay, thank you for that. And then just one more on loan growth. Just the improved expectations. Are the borrowers more optimistic or is it you becoming more comfortable or combination of both. And then I’m just also curious, kind of what’s going on at Commerce Bank. The growth numbers were pretty strong there. If you could touch on that. Thanks. I’m happy to take the first one. I mean, I think borrowers are business owners, CEOs, they’re kind of in the same place they’ve been for the last couple of years. Again between commercial real estate, industry concerns, tariffs, the economy in general. Whatever happens to be in the newspaper this morning, it just has people a little uncertain. And so I think that’s one piece and the other piece is just.

Ryan Richards, Chief Financial Officer, Zions Bancorporation: We.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Feel very encouraged about all the steps we’re taking to grow, which we’ve talked.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: About it in this call. I’d say Commerce Bank, their relative size, it can produce more volatility probably in terms of growth numbers than you’d see in other parts of the company. So I don’t think there’s anything that’s probably necessarily a trend there.

Scott McLean, President and Chief Operating Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Okay.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Okay.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Thank you.

Harris Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zions Bancorporation: Appreciate it.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: This now concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the call back over to Shannon Drage for closing comments.

Shannon Drage, Senior Director of Investor Relations, Zions Bancorporation: Thank you, Vaughn. Thanks, everyone, for joining us tonight. We appreciate your interest in Zions Bancorporation. If you have additional questions, please contact us at the email or phone number listed on our website. We look forward to connecting with you throughout the coming months. This concludes our call.

Vaughn, Conference Call Operator, Zions Bancorporation: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your participation. This concludes today’s conference. Please disconnect your lines and have a wonderful day.