Commodities February 2, 2026

Negotiations Between Indian Oil and Vitol Stall Over Key Contract Terms

Disagreement on share of crude imports and timing of exit clause delays plan for equal trading joint venture in Singapore

By Caleb Monroe
Negotiations Between Indian Oil and Vitol Stall Over Key Contract Terms

Talks to create an equal crude and fuel trading joint venture between Indian Oil Corp (IOC) and global trader Vitol have been postponed after both sides failed to agree on several contractual clauses, including the portion of IOC’s crude purchases to be managed by the JV and the timing and tenure of an exit clause. The planned Singapore-based venture, intended to expand IOC’s international trading footprint, remains under negotiation.

Key Points

  • Negotiations for an equal trading joint venture between Indian Oil Corp and Vitol are delayed due to disagreements over clause details, notably import volume coverage and exit timing.
  • Vitol is seeking control of about 10% to 15% of IOC’s spot crude import volume, while IOC expected the JV to handle only a fraction of its imports.
  • The JV is planned to be based in Singapore, initially operate for five to seven years, and include exit clauses for both partners; Vitol wants the exit clause tenure extended to at least 10 years.

A planned equal trading joint venture between Indian Oil Corp (IOC) and global commodities trader Vitol has been put on hold as the companies seek resolution on a number of contractual provisions, according to sources familiar with the discussions.

Central to the impasse are disagreements over how much of IOC’s crude import volume would fall under the joint venture’s control and the schedule for an exit clause that would allow the trader to leave the partnership. The exact volume to be managed by the JV and the timing and duration of an exit option remain subject to negotiation, the sources said.

IOC had aimed to sign the agreement at the India Energy Week conference last week as it looks to use Vitol’s trading expertise and global distribution network to broaden its role in international crude and fuel trading - an ambition the company hopes will mirror the trading footprints of major oil companies. The source material indicates IOC envisaged the proposed JV handling only a fraction of the company’s total imports.

On specific terms, Vitol is seeking control over 10% to 15% of IOC’s spot crude import volume, though the final share had not been settled and remains part of ongoing discussions, the sources added. Both IOC and Vitol did not respond to emailed requests for comment on the negotiations.

The companies planned to register and base the joint venture in Singapore, which serves as Asia’s oil trading hub. Earlier planning indicated the JV would operate initially for a period of five to seven years, with an exit clause incorporated for both partners. Sources reported that Vitol is pushing to lengthen the effective tenure before triggering that exit option to at least 10 years.

Traders internationally have increasingly focused on India, driven by the country’s growing fuel demand and expanding refining capacity. At the same time, Indian refiners have been diversifying their crude procurement, increasing purchases from the Middle East and South America while reducing reliance on Russia.

Within India’s refining sector, Indian Oil together with its subsidiary Chennai Petroleum account for roughly 31% of the nation’s total refining capacity, estimated at 5.2 million barrels per day. Separately, state refiner Bharat Petroleum Corp Ltd (BPCL) is reported to be planning the launch of a trading desk in Singapore in February.


What remains unresolved

  • The precise share of IOC’s crude imports to be routed through the joint venture.
  • The timing and length of exit provisions, with Vitol seeking a longer effective period.
  • The final commercial structure that will determine how much operational control Vitol would have over spot import volumes.

Risks

  • Failure to reach agreement on volume allocation or exit terms could indefinitely delay or derail the joint venture, affecting planned expansion of IOC’s international trading operations - impacting oil trading and refining sectors.
  • Prolonged negotiations risk missing strategic timing opportunities tied to rising Indian fuel demand and shifts in crude sourcing, which could influence market positioning for both IOC and global traders - affecting commodity markets and trade flows.
  • Uncertainty over operational control of spot import volumes may affect counterparties and trading counterpart arrangements, with potential implications for liquidity and pricing in regional crude and fuel markets - impacting traders and refiners.

More from Commodities

Gold Plunge Intensifies After CME Margin Hikes and Warsh Nomination Spurs Market Reassessment Feb 2, 2026 European Gas Prices Plunge as Forecasts Turn Milder Feb 2, 2026 BCA's MacroQuant Sees Dollar Weakness; Boosts Oil, Copper and Gold Calls Feb 2, 2026 Russian Oil Transit Through Ukraine Falls to Decade Low Amid Pipeline Strikes Feb 2, 2026 Kremlin Says Russia Presses on With Efforts to Reduce Tensions Over Iran Feb 2, 2026