Stocks

Core concepts explaining what stocks are, how equity ownership works, and how stock markets function.

Part of Fundamentals

What you will learn

This scope is designed to help you build a practical understanding of Stocks. Lessons move from core definitions to real-world context and common failure points.

Lessons

Reading in order is recommended, but each lesson stands on its own.

12 min read
Beginner

Common vs Preferred Stock

An in-depth explanation of common and preferred stock, how they fit into the corporate capital structure, why firms issue them, and how dividend, voting, and liquidation rights differ in practice. Includes real-world context and practical examples for clarity.

10 min read
Beginner

Equity Ownership Basics

A clear introduction to what equity represents in a corporation, how share ownership confers rights and obligations, how equity fits into market structure, and why equity exists in modern economies, with practical real-world context and examples.','content':'Equity ownership sits at the core of the stock market. A share of stock represents a fracti…

12 min read
Beginner

Why Companies Go Public

An in-depth explanation of why companies go public, how public listings fit into the market structure, the economic rationale for public equity, and the trade-offs involved, illustrated with real-world examples and practical context for understanding stocks as a financing tool.

12 min read
Intermediate

How Shares Are Issued

A structured explanation of how companies create and sell shares, why issuance occurs, how it fits into the primary and secondary market structure, and what the legal and operational steps look like in practice, with concrete examples and key terminology.

12 min read
Beginner

Market Capitalization Explained

A clear, practical explanation of market capitalization in the stock market, including its definition, role in market structure, reasons it exists, and real-world examples of how it is used and misinterpreted in practice. Designed for readers who want firm grounding in equity fundamentals without trading advice.

10 min read
Beginner

Outstanding vs Float Shares

A clear explanation of outstanding shares and public float, why the distinction exists, how it fits into market structure, where the numbers come from, and how corporate actions and real-world situations affect both measures within stock fundamentals.

12 min read
Intermediate

Voting Rights & Shareholders

A clear, academically grounded explanation of what shareholder voting rights are, why they exist, how they operate within corporate and market structures, and how real companies implement them, with practical examples and institutional context. No strategies or recommendations.

11 min read
Beginner

Dividends Explained

A clear, academically grounded explanation of stock dividends, why they exist, how they are declared and paid, the key dates investors monitor, and how dividends fit into the broader market structure and corporate finance decisions, illustrated with practical examples.

10 min read
Beginner

Stock Splits & Reverse Splits

A comprehensive explanation of stock splits and reverse stock splits, why companies use them, how they are processed, and what changes and does not change for shareholders and the broader market structure. Includes real-world illustrations and key operational details.

12 min read
Intermediate

Dilution & Share Issuance

A rigorous explanation of how issuing new shares affects ownership, per-share metrics, and market structure, with practical examples and context for public companies. No strategies or recommendations provided, only mechanics and implications within corporate finance and equity markets.